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Even though the Atkins diet seems entrenched in the American consciousness, the medical establishment is hardly about to embrace this diet of low carbohydrate, high protein and high fat.

The results of many studies, including two published in the New England Journal of Medicine, and intense news coverage have still not resolved the differences of opinion. Why all the continued fuss? People do lose weight, and even increased the good cholesterol after being on the Atkins diet.

However, long-term success is unproven. Also, the diet may be risky.

What is the Atkins diet?

The diet developed by the late Robert Atkins reduces carbohydrates while curbing hunger with fulfilling food choices. Appetizing alternatives, high in protein - and fat - replace the calories from carbohydrates. You use stored energy by "burning" fat without going hungry. There are four phases:

• Induction
• Ongoing weight loss
• Pre-maintenance
• Maintenance

Induction is a 14-day period when carbohydrates are limited to 20 percent of total calories. The dieter is advised to eat a liberal amount of protein and fat. Atkins proponents claim the body goes into a mild version of a condition called ketosis, using fat instead of the usual carbohydrate for energy. During the next three phases, carbohydrates are reintroduced, with emphasis on the nutrient rich, whole grain, low-calorie sources.

Long-term benefits are questionable

Recent studies show promising results. However, researchers did not demonstrate long-term benefits or risks. Two studies in May 2003 in the New England Journal of Medicine showed carbohydrate-restricted diet produced weight loss and improved lipid profiles compared to typical dieters who followed calorie-restricted, low-fat diets. The "good" cholesterol increased and triglycerides were lowered. One study followed people for six months, while the other chartered subjects over a year.

Heart, kidney risks

The health risks of low-carbohydrate high-protein dieting are probably not from burning fat. Rather, the alternatives, though appetizing, lead to unhealthy eating habits.

High fat is not heart healthy. Atkins food choices do not reflect American Heart Association guidelines, which call for a reduction of fat to 30 percent of total calories a day, and to limit that to mostly unsaturated fats. Since proteins and animal fat go hand in hand, Atkins dieters tend to increase saturated fats, which puts them at higher risk for coronary artery disease and heart attacks.

High protein diets stress the kidneys. Studies show the kidneys work harder to process proteins broken down in dieters on a high-protein diet. This puts them at risk for diabetic kidney disease, as well as gout.

If you need to lose more weight - especially if you are obese - work with your doctor and a licensed nutritionist. Following an exercise program is a key ingredient to any successful weight loss program.

For  More   Information:  Please  consult  your   physician  on  your  next  visit.